HLA antigens are products of genes found at the human major histocompatibility complex. These antigens play a central role in the ability of the immune system to differentiate "self" from "non-self" and are essential for communication between cells of the immune system. While HLA antigens are best known for their role in transplantation, certain HLA antigens are associated with specific disease states. One of the best known and strongest associations is between the disease ankylosing spondylitis and the HLA-B27 antigen. 5-10% of the general population is HLA-B27 positive compared to patients with ankylosing spondylitis who are more than 90% positive. In addition, an increased incidence of the HLA-B27 antigen has been reported in patients with Reiter¢s syndrome, anterior uveitis, psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. As a result, tests for the HLA-B27 antigen are a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of these diseases.

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